Software-Driven and Virtualized Architectures for Scalable 5G Networks

In this dissertation, we argue that it is essential to rearchitect 4G cellular core networks–sitting between the Internet and the radio access network–to meet the scalability, performance, and flexibility requirements of 5G networks. Today, there is a growing consensus among operators and research community that software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigms will be the key ingredients of the next-generation cellular networks. Motivated by these trends, we design and optimize three core network architectures, SoftMoW, SoftBox, and SkyCore, for different network scales, objectives, and conditions. SoftMoW provides global control over nationwide core networks with the ultimate goal of enabling new routing and mobility optimizations. SoftBox attempts to enhance policy enforcement in statewide core networks to enable low-latency, signaling-efficient, and customized services for mobile devices. Sky- Core is aimed at realizing a compact core network for citywide UAV-based radio networks that are going to serve first responders in the future. Network slicing techniques make it possible to deploy these solutions on the same infrastructure in parallel. To better support mobility and provide verifiable security, these architectures can use an addressing scheme that separates network locations and identities with self-certifying, flat and non-aggregatable address components. To benefit the proposed architectures, we designed a high-speed and memory-efficient router, called Caesar, for this type of addressing schemePHDComputer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146130/1/moradi_1.pd

Aeroelastic study of the effect of the leakage flow in shrouded low-speed fans

A large-amplitude axial vibration of a rotor fan with shrouded blades has been experimentally observed. Various mechanical measurements have been performed to characterize this vibration. To this aim, a new test stand has been designed. The analysis of the Campbell diagram shows that the vibration is related to a backward-whirl vibrational mode of the rotor which is always present, with different amplitudes depending on the operating conditions and configuration. Modifications of the shroud roughness and insertion of small obstacles in the gap region have independently shown that leakage flow fluctuations constitute the excitation of the large-amplitude vibration. This indicates that the phenomenon is likely an aeroelastic flutter, as it is also suggested by the observed intermittency and aerodynamic stiffening. A complete series of aerodynamic measurements have been carried out, employing complementary techniques (PIV and LDA), to supply general information on the flow as well as deepen the unsteady flow involved in the flutter phenomenon. The PIV measurements have shown a recirculating flow downstream of the fan due to the presence of the obstruction disk which results in a backflow entering the gap between the rotating ring and the stationary shroud (the leakage flow). Large-scale eddies have been found at the edge and inside of this recirculating flow by investigating the PIV snapshots and have been proved by POD analysis. The LDA measurements close to the gap region have confirmed that the leakage flow enters from the gap downstream of the fan and mixes with the rotor inflow upstream of the fan when it leaves the gap. Using a new double phase ensemble average technique, the periodic part of the LDA signals related to the vibration has been investigated; it allows studying the effect of the precession motion of the rotor on the flow. Analyzing the flow using this method shows that the flutter also affects the relative flow angle at the rotor inlet, and consequently the angle of attack at the blade tips, which finally causes the aeroelastic phenomenon. Moreover, it has been found that the maxima and minima in the velocity field are located at angular positions different from the ones at which the gap outlet area is maximum and minimum, but a certain delay exists

Identificação de critérios eficazes no desempenho financeiro (fp) de empresas petroquímicas iranianas

This study was conducted to identify the factors effective in FP of the petrochemical companies in the stock market. The study was descriptive and causal-comparative conducted using fuzzy technique. The sample size was nine experts in the petrochemical industry with full command over the preparation of financial statements and offering reports on the preparation of the minutes of financial statements and financial ratios. They also had a high ability in analysis of financial statements to gain more profit or to reduce the related costs. The result of the interview with these experts was the identification of the six main indices: investment with a weighted average of 0.372 ranked first, and operational costs of the company with a weighted average of 0.185 ranked the second, operational costs on equity with a weighted average of 0.121 ranked third, ROA with a weighted average of 0.111 ranked fourth, ROE with a weighted average of 0.108 ranked fifth rank, P/E with a weighted average of 0.103 ranked sixth.Este estudio se utilizó para identificar los factores efectivos en el FP de las empresas petroquímicas en el mercado de mercado. El estudio fue descriptivo y causal-comparativo de uso de la técnica de fuzzy. La muestra fue un experto experto en la industria petroquímica con un completo comando sobre la preparación de las declaraciones de responsabilidad y los informes de la preparación de los minutos de las declaraciones financieras y las ratificaciones. También han tenido una alta capacidad en el análisis de las declaraciones financieras para obtener más beneficios o reducir los costes de los productos. El resultado de la entrevista con estos expertos fue la identificación de los seis principales índices: investment con una ponderación promedio de 0.372 en primer lugar, y los costes operativos de la empresa con una media ponderada de 0.185, el segundo, de acuerdo con el nivel medio de 0.121 de tercero, ROA con una ponderación promedio de 0.111 de cuarto de cuarto, ROE con una ponderación promedio de 0.108 rango de rango, P / E con una media ponderada de 0.103 anuncio sexto.Este estudo foi realizado para identificar os fatores efetivos em FP das empresas petroquímicas no mercado de ações. O estudo foi descritivo e causal-comparativo, realizado por meio da técnica fuzzy. O tamanho da amostra foi de nove especialistas da indústria petroquímica, com total controle sobre a elaboração de demonstrações contábeis e relatórios sobre a elaboração das atas das demonstrações contábeis e índices financeiros. Eles também tinham uma alta capacidade de análise das demonstrações financeiras para obter mais lucros ou reduzir os custos relacionados. O resultado da entrevista com esses especialistas foi a identificação dos seis principais índices: o investimento com uma média ponderada de 0,372 ficou em primeiro lugar, e os custos operacionais da empresa com uma média ponderada de 0,185 classificaram o segundo, custos operacionais com um média de 0,121 ficou em terceiro lugar, ROA com média ponderada de 0,111 ficou em quarto lugar, ROE com média ponderada de 0,108 em quinto lugar, P/E com média ponderada de 0,103 em sexto lugar

Wide Area Oscillation Damping using Utility-Scale PV Power Plants Capabilities

With increasing implementation of Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) in power grids, application of wide area damping controllers (WADCs) to damp power system oscillations is of interest. On the other hand it is well known that rapidly increasing integration of renewable energy sources into the grid can dangerously reduce the inertia of the system and degrade the stability of power systems. This paper aimed to design a novel WADC for a utility-scale PV solar farm to damp out inter area oscillations while the main focus of the work is to eliminate the impact of communication delays of wide-area signals from the WAMS. Moreover the PV farm impact on inter area oscillation mitigation is investigated in various case studies, namely, with WADC on the active power control loop and with WADC on the reactive power control loop. The Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) technique is applied to normalize and optimize the parameters of WADC for inter-area oscillations damping and continuous compensation of time-varying latencies. The proposed method is prosperously applied in a 16-bus six-machine test system and various case studies are conducted to demonstrate the potential of the proposed structure

Determination of Common Pharmaceutical Adulterants in Herbal Medicinal Products Used in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction

Background: Opioid addiction is a serious and growing global concern. Recently, herbal medicine has been popular for the treatment of opioid abusers worldwide. Unfortunately, the adulteration of herbal remedies with undeclared synthetic pharmaceuticals has been reported. In Iran, there are few reports on the adulteration of herbal remedies by synthetic pharmaceuticals sold as opioid addiction treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze herbal products used in opioid addiction treatment for the identification of synthetic pharmaceuticals as adulterants in the remedies.Methods: Forty commonly-used handmade herbal products for the treatment of opioid addiction were collected from herbal shops in Kermanshah (western area of Iran). After organoleptic examinations, the samples were prepared and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detecting probable synthetic pharmaceutical adulterants.Results: The chromatographic analysis of the samples showed that 90% of the products had at least one undeclared pharmaceutical ingredient as an adulterant. The majority of the samples (n=19, 47.5%) had only one undeclared pharmaceutical. Diphenoxylate (n=24, 39.3%), tramadol (n=16, 26.2), methadone (n=8, 13.2%), and the combination of these drugs were reported as common adulterants. We detected the presence of buprenorphine and sildenafil as adulterating agents in the herbal formulations for the first time.Conclusion: According to the presence of undeclared synthetic pharmaceuticals in opioid addiction herbal products, as well as their threats to public health, awareness, in this case, is necessary

Clinical and Medicolegal Aspects of Fatal Imidacloprid Deliberate Self-poisoning: A Case Report

Background: Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide and agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Despite its low toxicity profile, there are rare studies on its fatal poisoning. In this report, we described clinical and postmortem findings of a fatal imidacloprid poisoning.Methods: A 33-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a history of deliberate consumption of unknown insecticide. On admission, she was drowsy and hypotensive with tachycardia and miotic pupils. Despite supportive therapy, she continued to be unconscious, with severe metabolic acidosis and developed a cardio-respiratory arrest and expired. Results: A forensic autopsy was performed. The result of the toxicological analysis showed that imidacloprid concentrations were 267.8 µg/mL in femoral blood, 144.5 µg/mL in stomach content, and 292.3 µg/mL in bile.Conclusion: Although imidacloprid is generally less toxic to humans high concentrations in biological samples could be considered lethal. Therefore, the educational programs about its toxicity should be considered for health care providers

Medicinal plants used for liver disorders based on the ethnobotanical documents of Iran: A review

Liver diseases, still a global health problem, are classified as acute or chronic hepatitis, hepatosis and cirrhosis. A number of medicinal combinations in Iranian traditional medicine are commonly used as tonic for liver. This review article reported the plants used to treat liver diseases according to ethnobotany and traditional culture of different regions of Iran. This review article introduced the plants used to treat liver diseases in ethnobotany and traditional culture of different regions of Iran. The key words consisting of traditional medicine, ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnopharmacology, phytopharmacology, phytomedicine, and Iran, accompanied with liver diseases, liver ailments, liver disorders, antihepatotoxic and hepatitis were used to search for relevant publications in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Center, and Magiran. Overall, 26 medicinal plants from 19 families are used to treat liver diseases specifically in Iranian traditional medicine. The most of presented medicinal plants were from Asteraceae family. Because of the extensive use of traditional medicinal plants and wide acceptance of herbal drugs and traditional medicine, large studies are recommended in pharmacy-and pharmacology-related fields to inform pharmaceutical industries. © 2016, Sphinx Knowledge House. All rights reserved

Antiviral medicinal plants of Iran: A review of ethnobotanical evidence

Sometimes, available drugs fail to treat viral infections because of the emergence of drug resistance and some dormant and recurrent infections. Therefore, new antiviral combinations are increasingly required. Investigating medicinal plants and their compounds can be a fruitful approach.Therefore, this study sought to report the plants that are used to relieve and treat viral infections in the traditional cultures of Iran's different regions.According to the findings, totally 21 medicinal plants from 14 families are used to specifically treat viral infections according to traditional medicine. Most of the identified plants were fromEuphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rosaceaefamily. Phytochemical investigations and clinical assessments of the compounds of these plants can be an efficient approach to identify antiviral medicinal plants used to treat viral infections. © 2016, Sphinx Knowledge House. All rights reserved

Cerebral Subdural Hematoma Following Spinal Anesthesia: Report of Two Cases

Postdural puncture headache and cerebral subdural hematoma are among complications of spinal anesthesia with some common characteristics; however misdiagnosis of these two could result in a catastrophic outcome or prevent unwanted results by urgent interventions. With the purpose of increasing awareness of such complications and a speedy diagnosis, we report two cases of postspinal anesthesia headache that was timely diagnosed as cerebral subdural hematoma and prevented the likelihood of a disastrous outcome